National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2011), Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010: p. 96, Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010: p. 95, Dahl, Frankenberger. Most students in the sample somewhat agreed that, after watching the PSA, they were less likely to text while driving and more likely to speak up when they were passengers; this finding suggests a degree of effectiveness from the fear appeal. An official website of the United States government Here's how you know. There are three types of driving distractions, Distracted driving impacts thousands of Americans each year, Some groups are more at risk for distracted driving, States are working to prevent distracted driving, The Federal Government is working to prevent distracted driving, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. found the third-person effect to play out within their study participants. The distractions comes from text messages, phone calls and radio. Public service announcements are a great way to communicate. Previous research has looked at the ways in which fear is used and the effectiveness of doing so ( This fact sheet provides an overview of distracted driving and promising strategies that are being used to address distracted driving. In addition, freshman was 1%, sophomore was 22%, senior was 23%, and graduate student was 14%. This study focused specifically on the distracted behavior of text messaging while driving. A Public Service Announcement (PSA) can help reduce the number of distracted driving accidents by explaining the horrible effects of distracted driving and the best ways to prevent distracted driving. Texting is just too common to be stopped with only a PSA. Yellman, M.A., Bryan, L., Sauber-Schatz, E.K., Brener, N. (2020). Find out makes a great PSA along with the best PSA examples from the award-winning video experts at RaffertyWeiss. In 2022, the U.S. Department of Transportation released the, In 2021, Congress provided resources to add distracted driving awareness as part of drivers license exams as part of the. This video is from the National Safety Council as part of their efforts to fight distracted driving. Many government agencies and nonprofit organizations in the United States utilize social marketing; their prerogative is to induce those who view the advertisement (i.e. ). Having a Public Service Announcement (PSA) will reduce the distracted driving incidents because, people will show the serious consequences, raise awareness, reduce the numbers in distractions car. Its estimated that 10% of drivers are distracted by cellphones at any given moment. However, Cramer, Mayer and Ryan (2007) Remind them driving is a skill that requires the drivers full attention. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. According to the Of course,PSA can help to reduce the number,of distracted driving incidents,but not to much.maximum 10%,because people can't still realize how dangerous it is,before they won't face the same problem.But we can see here second view of point.Maybe PSA can help reduce the number of distracted driving more,than 10% ?.. Texting or emailing while driving was more common among older students than younger students (see figure below) and more common among White students (44%) than Black (30%) or Hispanic students (35%). These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Speak up if you are a passenger in a car with a distracted driver. The driver, an 18-year-old man, had picked up his phone to make a call and didn't see the light turn. As the young drivers turn their attention to their phones or the car console, you can see in real time as the car quickly careens towards mailboxes, other cars and into fields. review of fear-inducing advertisements. In this manner, students could describe their reactions to the PSA and their motivations to engage in distracted driving behaviors open-endedly. Like the previous clip, this video takes place on a driving track. This rant is a segment from Canadas Rick Mercer Report. ; The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tracks. Visually distracted drivers avert their gaze from the road, manually distracted drivers remove their hands from the steering wheel, and cognitively distracted drivers lose focus while driving ( Tagged Distracted Driving, Driving Safety, Toll-free: (866) 962-9575Direct: (613) 962-9577, phones arent even the biggest cause of distraction, Looking at others for mistakes to keep yourself safe, Traffic Accident Avoided Due to SafeStart. The majority of respondents (76.5%) responded that they had never seen the PSA before, which supported the researchers initial reasoning to select the particular PSA for the study. ; Bob & Eilene Okerblom Santa Maria, CaliforniaWATCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rr7TfwtO17IOn July 25, 2009, 19-year-old Eric Okerblom was killed when his bike was struck by a truck traveling at 60 miles per hour. Distracted driving is a leading cause of car accidents in the country. With a major increase in distracted driving and the two million accidents associated with it, the government has tried to change behaviors with PSAs. PSA (Public Service Announcement), Districted Driving, Third-Person Effect. There are no cellphones and no one takes their eyes off the road. drew the conclusion that young males are considered a high risk road user group and threatening appeals aimed at them tend to emphasize physical danger (p. 213). Results showed that a significant positive correlation existed between the variables measuring students intention to text while driving after having seen the PSA and students perception that viewing the PSA would help prevent the average 18 - 24 year old from texting while driving. ). You can visit the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrationexternal icon(NHTSA) website for more information on how data on motor vehicle crash deaths are collected and the limitations of distracted driving data. ). Australia's Traffic Accident Commission has developed a 45-second TV commercial to help drivers recognize just how far their car travels when they take their eyes off the road for a few moments. Chaudhary, N.K., Connolly, J., Tison, J., Solomon, M., & Elliott, K. (2015). Distracted driving is one of the fastest growing safety issues on the roads today. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Vol.03No.04(2015), Article ID:61738,8 pages The data showed that 47.1% of students somewhat agreed and 16.7% strongly agreed that they were less likely to text while driving after viewing the PSA. Emily Reynolds Omaha, NebraskaWATCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG79X-hYJ_EOn May 30, 2007, 16-year-old Cady Reynolds was driving her best friend home from a movie near Omaha, Nebraska, when another teen driver who was severely distracted behind the wheel ran a red light and slammed into her car at 50 miles per hour. The 30-second PSA, Get the Message, features clips from people from across the country who lost loved ones in distracted driving crashes and have spoken out through the U.S. Department of Transportations Faces of Distracted Driving campaign. Distracted Driving Car Accidents in California The statistics prove this: Nearly 60% of drivers in California say that they have been in an accident or nearly hit by a distracted driver. Females agreed with the two intention measures more strongly than did males. ; Currently, the main source of distracted driving is cell phones. Table 24 summarizes the self-reported information about the subjects' driving experiences. Distracted driving is dangerous, claiming 3,142 lives in 2020. The goal behind this strategy is grounded in the notion that fear makes individuals feel tense and anxious, thus they will seek ways to reduce these feelings ( Lennon, Rentfro and OLeary (2010) This phenomenon, generally referred to as distracted driving, is at the basis of numerous new traffic safety laws and campaigns aimed at preventing car accidents and loss of life on the road. 10.4236/ajc.2015.34008, Exploring the Effectiveness of Distracted Driving PSA (Public Service Announcement), 1School of Journalism & Mass Communication, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA, 2Department of Media & Communication, Sungkonghoe University, Seoul, South Korea. Lewis, Watson, & Tay, 2007: p. 49 What does Florida do to prevent distracted driving? Moreover, since they tend to be the target audience, young adults could be helpful in designing the content and messages in distracted driving PSAs. Distracted driving is a huge issue in our society. Murry, Stam, & Lastovicka, 1996: p. 1 Por favor escolha a sua regio In line with past literature, males and females in this sample responded differently to the message, with females being more responsive. Efforts to stop people from texting while driving are not working, as shown by the numbers. Tanner, Hunt, & Eppright, 1991 They may have paused for a bit, but they have since resumed. Advertisements in this category tend to promote real-life practices or ideas rather than products or services. ). Moreover, stronger emphasis should be placed on reaching males in the target audience, as they appear to respond less to public service announcement messages. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Get the Message is available for download on www.distraction.gov. Lewis, Watson, & Tay, 2007: p. 58 Lennon, Rentfro and OLeary (2010) This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Inform people, especially teenagers, on the fatal affects the victims and their families have received because of distracted driving. more likely to drive after drinking alcohol. The PSA was shown one time to a convenience sample of 109 students in one large undergraduate level class and two small graduate level classes in the Mass Communication department at Texas State University in the fall of 2011. The sample was comprised entirely of university students, who were critiqued as being a relatively homogeneous group ( Much of the prior research that studied the effectiveness of fear appeals to alter behavior has referenced two main theories as part of their conceptual frameworks. Contrary to past research, this study did not find support for the third-person effect. Texting and driving is the leading cause of car accidents in the US. Informs safety guides of driving. Choose one of the following questions to answer for the argument essay in this module.Does our state do enough to prevent distracted driving?orCan a Public Service Announcement (PSA) help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents?Part OneWrite the claim you will present in your argument essay. First, most previous research in this area has utilized young adults in their samples ( ; . U Text. Texting or emailing while driving was as common among students whose grades were mostly As or Bs as among students with mostly Cs, Ds, or Fs. ; Lewis, Watson, Tay amd White (2007) Nine people in the United States are killed every day in crashes that are reported to involve a distracted driver.1. First, with regard to descriptive characteristics, it was found that the sample was 42.2% male and 57.8% female. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. These statistics substantiate the claim that many young adults, by their own admission, are engaging in a very distracting behavior while driving. Any of these distractions can endanger you, your passengers, and others on the road. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The truck driver was talking on his cell phone at the time of crash and said he never saw the bus. believe that these types of advertisements are useful to society because they promote individuals to consider others and act in their best interest. Accidents from distracted driving occur when the driver's attention is distracted by external factors such as picking calls, answering texts, or even taking a bite. These results are highly representative of normal driving populations, where most respondents have not been involved in a collision or received a moving violation within the past 5 years. NHTSA, 2011 Moreover, recent research has shown that deaths resulting from distracted driving have risen more than 25% since 2005 ( Por favor elige tu regin Its a deadly trend on American roads, and its getting worse. A self-report questionnaire with 26 questions was developed to assess some demographic information about respondents, their perceptions of the PSA, and their intent to engage in a particular distracted driving behavior, text messaging while driving. Sending a text message, talking on a cell phone, using a navigation system, and eating while driving are a few examples of distracted driving. Ask the driver to focus on driving. ). 1.6 million crashes are caused by cell phone use while driving. The dependent variable was college students reported intent to text while driving. These rumble strips are effective at reducing certain types of crashes. All the videos on this list so far have focused on the problem. Many anti-distraction ads show cinematic, slow-motion car crashes to convey the danger of taking your eyes off the road. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Lewis, Watson, Tay and White (2007) These include banning texting while driving, implementing hands-free laws, and limiting the number of young passengers who can ride with teen drivers. Can a Public Service Announcement (PSA) help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents? doi: 10.4236/ajc.2015.34008, Home | About SCIRP | Sitemap | Contact Us. PSAs can provide first-hand accounts of distracted driving incidents and their effects on the people and also inform both adults and teenagers about the causes of distracted driving incidents, which would lead to a reduction of the number of driving incidents. Watch: Faces of Distracted Driving: Get the Message: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjmlv1rbGKE. For instance, ). points out, one can die by being a distracted driver themselves or as a victim of another individual driving in that manner. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". As the NSC points out, drivers53% of thembelieve if manufacturers put infotainment dashboards and hands-free technology in vehicles, they must be safe. Future research could examine whether any differences in response to PSAs such as the one used here exist with regard to other demographic factors, such as whether one belongs to a majority or minority group. But this hilarious distracted driving PSA presents a rather unorthodox solution. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The national distracted driving effort focuses on ways to change the behavior of drivers through legislation, enforcement, public awareness, and education. Related research on physical threat appeals has found that, when compared to other messages, adolescents react more positively to public service announcements that depict negative social consequences ( Advertisements that use these appeals influenceon present viewers with the negative outcomes that they may experience as a result of engaging in the depicted unsafe and/or illegal behaviors ( Essentially, the theory posits that individuals will experience four processes when they are exposed to a threatening message: they evaluate how severe the threat is to them, the likelihood that the threat will affect them, how to eliminate or manage the threat, and whether they are able to perform the actions necessary to cope with the threat ( The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Brennan & Binney, 2010 Overall, students expressed the opinion that the PSA was believable and somewhat useful for preventing texting while driving. The number of distracted driving incidents can be reduced by public service announcements. There are three main types of distraction:2, Sources: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2010-2013external icon, 20142018external iconand 2019external icon. Beyond just debating its efficacy, past research has also considered what ethical issues can arise from the use of fear-based appeals in social marketing. Many states have enacted laws to help prevent distracted driving. Loud music. In his study, ). In an attempt to combat this dangerous practice, various organizations concerned about public safety, such as municipal police departments, the Department of Transportation and even wireless telephone companies, have created advertisements and public service announcements. Raising awareness through PSA's is one of the many helpful ways to allow drivers to focus their attention properly on the road. A commonly used strategy in social cause advertising seems to be appealing to fear. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. From 2010 to 2013, NHTSA evaluated distracted driving HVE demonstration projects in four communities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. A public service announcement, or PSA, can be defined as, a type of advertising, sponsored by either government agencies or other organizations, to promote causes and activities generally considered socially desirable ( NHTSA, 2011 Saving Lives, Protecting People, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, states graduated driver licensing system, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, CDC MMWR Transportation Risk Behaviors Among High School Students Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019, CDC MMWR Mobile Device Use While Driving United States and Seven European Countries, 2011, Governors Highway Safety Association Distracted Driving, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Distracted Driving, World Health Organization Mobile Phone Use: A Growing Problem of Driver Distraction, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Distracted Driving at Work, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Campaign Materials, Traffic Safety Facts Research Note: Distracted Driving 2019 (DOT HS 813 111), Overview of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations Driver Distraction Program (DOT HS 811 299), Transportation Risk Behaviors Among High School Students Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019, Evaluation of the NHTSA Distracted Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Demonstration Projects in California and Delaware, Evaluation of NHTSA Distracted Driving Demonstration Projects in Connecticut and New York, Countermeasures that work: A highway safety countermeasures guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 10, Technical Advisory: Shoulder and Edge Line Rumble Strips (T 5040.39, Revision 1), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Motor Vehicle Prioritizing Interventions and Cost Calculator for States (MV PICCS), What Works: Strategies to Increase Car Seat and Booster Seat Use, What Works: Strategies to Increase Restraint Use, What Works: Strategies to Reduce or Prevent Alcohol-Impaired Driving, Increasing Alcohol Ignition Interlock Use, Roadway to Safer Tribal Communities Toolkit, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Lewis, Watson and Tay (2007) Though ValeneBummara,JinbongChoi, (2015) Exploring the Effectiveness of Distracted Driving PSA (Public Service Announcement). NHTSA, 2011 Dahl, Frankenberger, & Manchanda, 2003 Finally, a main limitation was that reported intentions might not fully and accurately determine actual behavior in people. ; The females reacted more favorably to the message and content in the announcement than did the males; furthermore, males believed that punitive measures by law enforcement, such as getting ticketed or arrested, were more useful means of preventing unsafe driving ( (2012). Can You Shoot A Hawk If It Is Killing Your Chickens? Table 1 shows the measures of central tendency for the three scale items. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Lewis, Watson, Tay and White (2007) The other part of RQ 1 concerned the impact of an anti-distracted driving PSA on student intentions. ). Half the screen shows the driver and the other half shows the road. A Public Service Announcement does have the ability to reduce the number of distracted driving incidents by bringing the population's attention to the issue. Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010: p. 96 Distraction can be broken down into three overarching types. Public service announcements are a great way to communicate. Additionally, it would be better if sample were larger. This theory, created by Anderson, 1995 The 30-second PSA, Get the Message, features clips from people who lost loved ones in distracted driving crashes and have spoken out through the U.S. Department of Transports Faces of Distracted Driving campaign. A 30-second PSA against distracted driving from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration served as the independent variable. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration administered a survey in 2009 that reflected an increased frequency of electronic device use while people were driving ( Can a Public Service Announcement (PSA) help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents? The third research question sought to determine whether or not the third-person effect would occur within the sample of students. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Fear appeals have commonly been utilized to prevent people, adolescents mainly, from engaging in such behavior. What percentage of drivers are distracted? In 2013, 3,154 people were killed in motor vehicle crashes which involved distracted drivers. Distracted Driving 3,142 Number of people killed by distracted driving in 2020 Source U Drive. These projects increased police enforcement of distracted driving laws and increased awareness of distracted driving using radio advertisements, news stories, and similar media. The researcher will analyze the survey data quantitatively to answer three research questions as follows: RQ 1: What is the impact of viewing an anti-distracted driving public service announcement on students perceptions and intent? ; This tactic is relevant to the present studys topic because, according to In their review of numerous studies that have utilized fear appeals, The Protection Motivation Theory, originally developed by A thirty-second PSA from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations Put it down campaign entitled BAM! was chosen as the studys media clip because it was brief, current, and utilized a fear appeal. As they run over a whole bunch of pylons, the distracted drivers exclaim in frustration, I cant do it! and People will be killed on the road.. Wilson & Stimpson, 2010: p. 2213 Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010 They note that not every individual responds to fearful messages in the same way; rather, responses to fear appeals depend on the perceptions people develop concerning the enormity of the pending danger and on their evaluations of its effect ( Males were significantly less likely to express intention to both decrease their driving speed and refrain from drinking under the influence of alcohol than were females ( The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Fortunately, after some eye-opening training on a closed track, Josh comes to see firsthand just how risky it is to mentally multitask while driving. 20 percent of the distracted driving accidents have been fatal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, Received 20 October 2015; accepted 2 December 2015; published 7 December 2015. Wilson & Stimpson, 2010 This means that over 78% of all distracted drivers are distracted because they have been texting while driving. PSAs are effective in reducing driving incidents, they allow watchers to see for themselves the dreadful impacts of texting and driving, PSAs convince and remind the watcher to not text and drive at the same time. Business Hours:9:00am-5:00pm ET, M-F. Do not multitask while driving. Seriously. Schoenbachler & Whittler, 1996: p. 52 Schoenbachler & Whittler, 1996: p. 38 campaign targets teenagers with an ad that compares places where you would text vs. places where you wouldnt. Part . But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Dahl, Frankenberger. (2019). Rogers (1983) The good news is that distracted driving PSAs are effective in most cases, but especially with the 18 to 24 age group. Lennon, Rentfro and OLeary (2010) Among fatal crashes involving distracted drivers in the U.S. in 2019: A higher percentage of drivers ages 1520 were distracted than drivers age 21 and older. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The modal classification within the dataset was Junior, with 41.2% of respondents belonging to that category. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. Relationship between Gender and Response to Fear Appeals. Distracted drivers arent just a threat to themselves: theyre a danger to everyone else on the road. A car going 60 mph will travel 88 feet per second. Can a PSA help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents argumentative essay? Course Number: Date: Can A PSA Help Reduce Distracted Driving Accidents? Lewis, Watson, Tay, & White, 2007 She was killed when rescuers were unable to get her out of the burning wreckage. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Distracted driving in America is not a trivial issue in today's society. Thus, the final sample size in the study was 102 making the response rate for the surveys 93.5%. Chaudhary, N.K., Casanova-Powell, T.D., Cosgrove, L., Reagan, I., & Williams, A. Concerns Regarding the Use of Fear Appeals. The PSA ends with the Put it down campaign logo and lists the NHTSA as the sponsor. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Although her father had warned her against cell phone use behind the wheel, she was texting at the time of the crash. In line with this research, This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Afterwards, they will complete a self-report questionnaire regarding their perceptions of the ad and their intent to engage in cell-phone use while driving. To honor her brother's memory, Loren Vaillancourt has been using her visibility as Miss South Dakota 2010 to speak with schools and organizations throughout her state about the dangers of distracted driving. Parachute Canadas Is It Worth It? Among these younger drivers, 9% of them were distracted at the time of the crash. Brennan and Binney (2010) Get the facts, get involved, and help us keep America's roads safe. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. There are a few more forms of distracted driving that could cause an accident. ). These two theories are the Protection Motivation Theory and the theory of the Third-Person Effect. If you're in the driver's seat, try to avoid these altogether: Taking selfies.

Famous Helicopter Crashes, Uss John F Kennedy Scrapping, Articles D