Hansen, Chad. Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . Zhuangzi. Hansen, Chad. In fact, there is more value in destroying it than keeping it around. Now imagine we were discussing an idea, say, a potential solution to a problem. In the latter case, the focus is on the idea or question raised, which, Ive suggested, is made patently obvious in a good thought experiment. It only seems useless to you because you want to turn it into something else and dont know how to appreciate it for what it is. 6Consider the following widely known thought experiments. I further argue that the central concern of the two philosophical personae in the passage Zhuangzi and Huizi is not with the epistemic standards of human judgements (the established view since Hansen, The Relatively Happy Fish), but with the more basic problem of species-specific perspectives. This is uncharacteristic of Western thought experiments where the philosopher presents the imagined case and then discusses what it implies. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. WebZhuangzi, or Chuang-tzu, (born c. 369, Meng, Chinadied 286 bce), Most significant early Chinese interpreter of Daoism and the purported author of the Daoist classic that bears Lynn, Richard John. New York: Seven Bridges Press. She knows an enormous amount of information about color, much more than you or I do, but is there anything she doesnt know about color if she has only read all about it? Chen, Guying , trans. Wandering on the Way. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. 2018. 2015. Taipei : Shijie Shuju ; http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html (last accessed on October 12, 2020). Reding, Jean-Paul. Zhuangzi: The Inner Chapters. Perhaps Zhuangzi sees his role as roaming through the world and drawing our attention to the various kinds of creatures and reactions to life they can have, but he himself wants to remain silent on the question of which lives or responses, if any, are best. Lenehan, Katia. 2015. A true language learner must be like the crooked tree of Zhuangzi, not seeking perfection of form, but prospering by taking advantage of surrounding resources. I planted it, and when it matured it weighed over a hundred pounds. Part of Springer Nature. That is to say, we each contain this same oppositional force within and among us. ______. Indianapolis: Hackett. xX[oH~G?*sTU\KX%v8_sRW7dZ,0w.sil7>?gO:[eU9>~jtYUM^}g{8{' ) ^$p+(p0 $. IYfqrdJG&EYRI-an8p/'eZR;.KZ|veHGd#a:KHiEk]`s#I1IB#P`Hqq ,15#H&Y\' k,Wr/qf3yxA[ab8bi_?%+F&)SYT{jDj pa8C%pF|40:RU[s$.Th.-_V{`rM`&1tLu!P&dp*I$bsr&g0H8{$.XWk@GAuu'vg-:Gy0TjmVjS=;1Wq E|[_0# &1LY[(ehob}kl]X. Chen, Guying , trans. The Ethics of Responding Properly: The Notion Qing in Early Chinese Thought. In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. Imagine that you are the driver of a runaway trolley heading towards five people who are working on the trolley tracks in front of you. had a gourd of over a hundred pounds. Qin, Xuqing , and Sun Yongchang , trans. Kjellberg, Paul, trans. Changsha: Hunan Renmin Chubanshe. Bryan Van Norden and Philip Ivanhoe write of Zhuangzi saying, rather than delivering a message, the Zhuangzi seems to go out of its way to defy understanding. but if its not clear what we are supposed to remember, then whats the point? 25Because with Zhuangzi its not always clear what is being asked, or what position he is advocating, readers start to wonder about the man behind the stories, entertaining questions such as: What kind of philosopher is Zhuangzi? Jena: Diederichs. Napoli: Universit degli Studie di Napoli LOrientale.. A Complete Translation of the Zhuangzi [in modern Chinese] . 2013. 2005. 2003. Our text offers three additional examples: Nie Ques conversation with Wang Ni; Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. 2007. Again on Qing: With a Translation of the Guodian Xing Zi Ming Chu. Oriens Extremus 47: 97159. The Writings of Kwang-Tze. new essays on wine, taste, philosophy and aesthetics, arte, psicologia e realismo. 2009. 1968. This so-called Trolley Problem was originally introduced by Philippa Foot5, but arguably was made famous by Judith Thomson6, and it is used in many discussions of either utilitarian moral theory or the ethics of killing versus letting die, with regards to certain scenarios in bioethics. Zhang, Gengguang , trans. 2011. It amounts to life-affirmation or to life-denialto acceptance or to rejection. Words are for meaning: when youve got the meaning, you can forget the words.26 Zhuangzis fantastical stories, along with the most beloved Western thought experiments, are devices that philosophers use to communicate a certain message, and in Zhuangzis case it might be a message that goes beyond words. Our text offers three additional examples: Nie Ques conversation with Wang Ni; Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. Zhuangzi is a master storyteller and he uses that talent to teach important moral Although many of the anecdotes in the Zhuangzi would fail to count as good thought experiments, the very reasons they fail might be exactly what Zhuangzi intends in order to promote philosophical reflection and wonder. Liu, Xiaogan. He accomplishes this through something reminiscent of a Socratic Dialogue. 8 Jackson has actually since changed his position on the thesis of physicalism and he no longer thinks its false. Mair, Victor H., trans. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: An International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East, A logical analysis of the debate on Hao River, Department of Philosophy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, /doi/full/10.1080/09552367.2022.2108108?needAccess=true. 7Then there are other thought experiments where the humans themselves are unique. If there werent other places where Zhuangzi seems to poke fun at so many people and schools of thought, arguably including Daoist thought,24 then we could be more confident in making a straightforward conclusion about what Zhuangzi likely thinks of Master Chariots all-embracing and arguably excited attitude towards his dramatically changing body and life. The Writings of Kwang-Tze. Zhuangzi: The Essential Writings. Chuang Tzu. 2018. Shun, Kwong-loi. Wang, Rongpei, trans. Zhuangzis famous story about the crooked tree appeals to me for many reasons. 29I will end with one of my favorite passages in the Zhuangzi, from chapter 26 in which he writes, a trap is for fish: when youve got the fish, you can forget the trap. Zhang, Mosheng, , trans. New York: Bantam Books. Different disciplines have their different tools for doing so. He is trapped within the boundaries of his own preconceptions. Ziporyn, Brook, trans. In Dao Companion to the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi, edited by Kim-chong Chong and Kai-Yuan Cheng. Albany: SUNY Press. 2018. Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. People who follow their natures and pursue their own path to language learning will be happier and more successful than learners who try meet goals set for them by others. 2010. . Other times the humans might be in a very ordinary situation, but the humans themselves are altered or have some special background. Giles, Herbert A., trans. I cut them into pieces to make ladles, but they were so flat and broad that they wouldn't hold anything. First, we demonstrate that, while Huizi probably understands qing as something like feelings or emotions, Zhuangzis view is that having qing is connected USefullnes is. He points out that imaginary cases reveal moral principles to us which we can then use to determine our attitude in a new case10, and this can be especially useful when something about certain features of real cases distracts us from what is actually morally important. volume20,pages 133148 (2021)Cite this article. 2007. Fundamentals of Comparative and Intercultural Philosophy. 2004. Chuang-Tzu: The Inner Chapters. Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . Neuchtel: Peter Lang. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. 2012. Registered in England & Wales No. 2003. Overall, Zhuangzi clearly recommends open-minded flexibility as when he scolds Hui Shi for being tied to conventional thinking about how to use giant gourds. It is to Zhuangzi that we now turn. For example, consider the story in Chapter 6 of a man who is physically deformed. This curiosity about the man behind the story I will return to later. One reason Beijing : Shangwu Yinshuguan . We show that these peaceful attitudes are associated with the idea of wuwei in the Zhuangzi. The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and refutations. WebZhuangzi is criticizing his friend Huizi for smashing giant gourds because he couldnt find a conventional use for them. 2016. Guiyang : Guizhou Renmin Chubanshe . Bradenton, FL: BookLocker. With Zhuangzi, on the other hand, the people, animals and objects that defy reality do not necessarily teach us something about a reality of our own lives, except perhaps the idea that we are often limited by those realities. Zhuangzi, the Taoist philosopher, lived in. First I will discuss Western thought experiments and a few reasons that have been given for and against using these tools to acquire knowledge. Theory of Non-Emotion in the Zhuangzi and Its Connection to Wei-Jin Poetry. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40.2: 340354. The great gourd. ______, trans. Zhang, Gengguang , trans. Commentary and Subcommentary on the Zhuangzi . 2007. The lack of full clarity and explanation is precisely what invites and allows the observer to make something out of the work for herself and thus arguably makes the piece, or whatever is taken from it, more memorable. 1891. vres De Tchoang-Tzeu. Even though the lessons are in story form, that doesnt mean that they are easy to decipher. esperienza, percezione, cognizione, documentalit: l'ontologia degli oggetti sociali, Artworld & Artwork. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Moreover, by elaborating on the implicit premises omitted by Zhuangzi and Huizi, the actual logical process of the debate can be restored, and the logical fallacy of clandestine change of argumentative issue are revealed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. If you dont loose yourself, things will bind you. New York: Columbia University Press. By utilizing modern logical analysis tools, this study reveals what and how the propositions and inferences contained in the language of the debate are articulated accurately and strictly. 11As mentioned before, Dancy explains that sometimes we come up with an imaginary case because its relevantly similar to an actual case, but the imaginary case is easier for us to think through. This article was supported by National Social Sciences Funding (Major Program) of China [Grant No. ______. Insofar as these are aims in philosophy, Zhuangzi might do better in prompting these in his reader than one who puts forth a self-standing thought experiment advancing a particular thesis. https://www.academia.edu/35172330/Zhuangzis_Doctrine_of_No_Emotions_forthcoming_in_Dao_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_the_Zhuangzi_Kim_Chong_Chong_and_Kai_Yuan_Cheng_eds_final_draft (last accessed on October 12, 2020). Now you had these gigantic gourds. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/estetica/5889; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/estetica.5889, Creative Commons - Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Vedi la notizia bibliografica nel catalogo OpenEdition, Mappa del sito Contatti Crediti RSS Feed, Norme sulla privacy Cookie Policy Segnala un problema, Noi aderiamo a OpenEdition Edito con Lodel Accesso riservato, Sarai reindirizzato su OpenEdition Search, Briding traditions. Fraser, Chris. 4This paper has two main sections. Jackson has actually since changed his position on the thesis of physicalism and he no longer thinks its false. Zhuangzis and Huizis stroll is described as rambling around, which is you () in Chinese. The Zhuangzi presentation of Hui Shis views concludes: He had many perspectives and his library would fill five carts but his doctrine was selfcontradictory. Early Confucian Perspectives on Emotions. In Dao Companion to Classical Confucian Philosophy, edited by Vincent Shen. Correspondence to The Philosophy of Life: A New Reading of the Zhuangzi. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-020-09765-6, https://www.academia.edu/35172330/Zhuangzis_Doctrine_of_No_Emotions_forthcoming_in_Dao_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_the_Zhuangzi_Kim_Chong_Chong_and_Kai_Yuan_Cheng_eds_final_draft, https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23427, http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html. - 95.111.234.200. A New Examination of Evidence about the Zhuangzi. Toung Pao 96.4/5: 299369. Again on Qing: With a Translation of the Guodian Xing Zi Ming Chu. Oriens Extremus 47: 97159. (LogOut/ A Didactic Annotation to the Zhuangzi . 1 0 obj No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Must? Google Scholar. Albany: SUNY Press. Emotionless in Confucianism and Daoism: A New Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 38.1: 118133. Despeux, Catherine. Are we just engaging in irresponsible moral epistemology in using hypothetical thought experiments and taking them, at best, as tools of persuasion to belief in a certain claim and, at worst, as grounds of evidence for a position? 2010. Lin, Yutang , trans. The question of what exactly Zhuangzis positive project might be is beyond the scope of this paper, but the point remains that the idea that we are even wondering about who Zhuangzi is as a philosopher, or how he would want us to analyze him in light of his stories, is something that we dont typically see when we turn to Western philosophers advancing certain thought experiments. The Drunkards And The Tavern A Poem by Rumi, An illustrated ebook of Vigyan Bhairav Tantra translated by Lakshman Joo. The Philosophy of Life: A New Reading of the Zhuangzi. The video below (Flight from the Shadow) is an example of the type of teaching he engaged in. Whereas the trees in the industrial forest are straight and look alike, the crooked tree grew alone, or with a mixture of other trees of different ages and species. Huizi said to Zhuangzi, This old tree is so crooked and rough that it is useless for lumber. Leiden: Brill. Wang, Rongpei, trans. 2010. Chuang-Tzu. And like Zhuangzis creative innovation, turning a gourd into a boat, the greater, higher man recreates what is possible for himself. Dschuang-Dsi. In both, finding the message of the work or the intention of its creator is not necessarily the purpose of the piece as much as is engaging with it and walking away with something even if that something is not an understanding of the actual work but rather a broadening of the mind, an interesting question, or a pleasurable experience. The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and Sometimes the human beings are normal human beings, but they are involved in highly unusual situations. Paris: Les belles lettres. Dordrecht: Springer. Shun, Kwong-loi. This study presents clear modern logic analysis of the debate; it can also provide a more reliable logical basis for the discussions of Zhuangzi and Huizis related philosophical thoughts. Although some of Zhuangzis stories may fail as good thought experiments by Western standards, due to the lack of clear questions and positions advanced, I submit that in other ways, his stories are not less effective in encouraging readers to question their own views and to consider alternative perspectives. 2011. Das wahre Buch vom sdlichen Bltenland. Reding, Jean-Paul. Si, L , trans. crits de Matre Wen , . Although these differences arguably make Zhuangzis anecdotes poor thought experiments, according to Western analytic standards, it seems that if the purpose of a fabricated story is to encourage the reader to broaden her philosophical outlook, to see something more clearly that she might not have seen in a more realistic case, or to provide a more memorable way to retain a point, then Zhuangzis stories are highly effective pedagogical tools. Most scholars have understood qing in this exchange as referring to feelings or emotions. We take issue with such readings. Why else would he deem the gourd worthy of destruction? PubMedGoogle Scholar. For example, 1) the situations are often highly unrealistic, beyond what normal, real-world counterfactual reasoning would get one to; 2) the characters involved have abilities or disabilities that few if any humans have and sometimes3; and 3) the situations have a way of making a point or a position more memorable than a plainly stated proposition4. What better carriage? Virg, Curie. Arthur C. Danto e l'ontologia dell'arte, Il Significato Eluso. . Zhuangzi then states to him Youcertainly are dense when it comes to using big things! I planted it, and it bore a fruit as big as a five bushel measure. A New Commentary on the Zhuangzi [in modern Chinese] . These are two requisites together, and one being so does not make the other. 2013. Klein, Esther. 2013. Nozicks question is, would you plug into such machine for life? Ray Sorensen writes that analytic philosophers make heavy use of thought experiment because it is the natural test for the clarificatory practices constituting conceptual analysis: definition, question delegation, drawing distinctions, crafting adequacy conditions, teasing out entailments, advancing possibility proofs, mapping inference patterns (1992: 15). over 2,300 years ago He taught the Tao, or way, an approach to life based on effortlessness and harmony with Rather, we are freed when we can leave this (human) self and life behind. This is the dialectical nature of the universe we discussed in the previous analysis, a nature that runs to the bottom of existence itself. A Complete Translation of the Zhuangzi [in modern Chinese] . A New Examination of Evidence about the Zhuangzi. Toung Pao 96.4/5: 299369. Lynn, Richard John. This engenders in him an arrogance which in turn leads him to believe that that which makes sense to him is necessarily correct. Beijing : Zhongguo Huaqiao Chubanshe . Ren, Songyao. China. Changsha : Hunan Renmin Chubanshe . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-020-09765-6, https://www.academia.edu/35172330/Zhuangzis_Doctrine_of_No_Emotions_forthcoming_in_Dao_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_the_Zhuangzi_Kim_Chong_Chong_and_Kai_Yuan_Cheng_eds_final_draft, https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23427, http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html. 1891. 23What Zhuangzi thinks of Master Chariot we dont know for sure. Wang Bi and Xuanxue. In Dao Companion to Daoist Philosophy, edited by Xiaogan Liu. First, we demonstrate that, while Huizi probably understands qing as something like feelings or emotions, Zhuangzis view is that having qing is connected with making shifei judgments whereas having no qing means that shifei has no grip on those ren, especially the shengren. Leiden: Brill. Zhuang Zi: De volledige geschriften: Het grote klassieke boek van het Taosme Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Augustus. Feeling in Zhuangzi: From Joy to Serenity. In Expressions of States of Mind in Asia, edited by Paolo Santangelo. Part of Springer Nature. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the logical aspects of the debate. The Zhuangzi () is named after Zhung Zhu (), who flourished in the later half of the fourth century bce. Price excludes VAT (USA) Chuang-Tzu: The Inner Chapters. Yet he commits this very sin, and all because he feels he reached a valid conclusion. My back is hunched out. Graham, A. C. 1981. The Background of the Mencian Theory of Human Nature. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies 6.12: 215271. Why should we be so troubled by an arm that turns into a rooster? One could, for example, think here of Zhuangzis famous butterfly dream that concludes chapter 2 of the Zhuangzi or of his testimony about his reaction to his wifes death in chapter 18. One reason Promises and previsions in architecture and philosophy, Nespolo e la filosofia. Zhuangzi and the Happy Fish Dialogue. Zhuangzi; The Complete Writings, translated by Brook Ziporyn, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2020. ______. 2 0 obj Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? In The Sacred Books of the East, edited by F. Max Mller. . My premises and conclusion follow from each other; therefore, me conclusion is logically valid. Emotionless in Confucianism and Daoism: A New Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 38.1: 118133. 16Piggy-backing on this, after a clear question is raised through the thought experiment, there is often a claim being advanced by the originator of the experiment. He is sabotaging the very tools he might have used to explore his unconscious self and discover something useful. Zhuangzi describes a man who is skilled at making balm to keep the hands from chapping (p. 7).4 His family never earns Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. 2003. Indianapolis: Hackett. ______. I filled it with liquid, but it was not firm enough to lift. Zhuangzi and Hui Shi on Qing . Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, New Series 40.1: 2145. 30Perhaps if only Zhuangzi and others didnt come up with such memorable traps. Paris: Cathasia, 2e tirage. At this point one might reasonably ask: why bother stretching peoples imagination? 2000. Taipei : Shijie Shuju ; http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html (last accessed on October 12, 2020). On another nearby track there is only one person working. Chong, Kim-chong. Huizi described the tree as gnarled, similar to Sartres description. Step 2: Check your email inbox & spam folder for a verification letter to complete the process (This is to ensure your email is valid). This seems at odds with Zhuangzi as one of the two main How is it you never thought of making it into an enormous vessel for yourself and floating through the lakes and rivers in it? Dao 20, 133148 (2021). Huizi said to Zhuangzi, The King of Wei gave me the seed of a great gourd. Why not lash them together like big buoys and go floating on rivers and lakes instead of worrying that they were too big to dip into anything?21. The Zhuangist Views on Emotions. Asian Philosophy 28.1: 5567. Emotion in Pre-Qin Ruist Moral Theory: An Explanation of Dao Begins in Qing. Philosophy East and West 53.2: 271281.

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